The Importance Of The Patenting Of Breast Cancer - 986 Words

In India, breast cancer kills a woman every 7 minutes due to an international inadequacy in breast cancer diagnoses (Saxena, 2017). Could these tragic deaths be prevented by more accessible means of public health care? The patenting of breast cancer genes and biomarkers by private corporations causes exclusivity and secrecy surrounding cancer research, denying the public of their right to proper health care. An increased number of patents are being approved by the US Patent and Trademark Office regarding procedures used to identify genes that cause diseases. These patents permit one company alone the right to observe some specific loci of the human genome established on the discovery of genetic mutations that are associated with the†¦show more content†¦Thus, rendering ongoing research completed outside of the intentions and profit-based primary desired outcomes nonexistent. This stunts potential progress regarding specific biomarkers that could be targeted for pharmaceutical treatments. These uncharted biomarkers have the potential to bridge the therapeutic gap between company investments and incoming profit from diagnoses but, if not seen as immediately profitable, companies may intentionally overlook these potential groundbreaking discoveries with profit rather than public health as a priority (Husi, Fearon Ross, 2011). When someone wants to patent a product, the applicatio n and examination process takes an average of three years to complete. This creates an interruption in research and discoveries for that certain product, which could potentially be a cure or preventative method for certain illnesses (Lanning, 2013). If a company wants to take one of their drugs to the marketplace it takes ten years for it to go through the regulatory process and be qualified for development. However, only one in ten drugs actually makes it to the market (Toumi, 2003). This means that it would take thirteen years for a company’s product to go through these processes, causing a halt in production of potential lifesaving products. During the thirteen years, if there is noShow MoreRelatedReasons For Patenting Genetically Modified Organisms1228 Words   |  5 Pages Reasons for and Against Patenting Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms Hubert Were University of the People Abstract There are many agricultural products that are genetically modified using biotechnology. This paper explains various reasons for and against patenting these products. The major reason for patenting the products is to acknowledge the researcher’s efforts and encourage investment. However, patenting the products is a hindrance to research by other companiesRead MoreCp55 Case Study1225 Words   |  5 Pagesa marker of malignancy risk, prognosis and therapy outcome CEP55 has been identified in the prognostic signature for multiple cancers as demonstrated in Table 1 (have to insert the table). Carter et al. have shown that CEP55 is part of the top 70 genes identified as responsible for CIN (CIN70 signature) from analysis involving 12 cancer types such as lung, breast, glioma, memedulloblastoma, mesothelioma and lymphoma [276]. CIN70 along with its subset CIN25 significantly correlate with clinicalRead MoreGenetic Research And Its Effects On The Human Bodies3120 Words   |  13 PagesGenetic researchers were able to find genes that can help cure disease and could identify cancerous genes in humans. 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The main problem with patenting genes is that companies are filing patents for strands of DNA theyRead MoreObesity : Declining Human Heath1873 Words   |  8 Pagespoor mental environment and lack of enough exercise. Substantial medical literatures show that being overweight and obesity cause risks of co-morbidities, these include and are not limited to type II diabetes, sleep apnea, various cancers (endometrial, esophageal, breast, and colon), musculoskeletal disorders (osteoarthritis), cardiovascular diseases (mainly heart disease and strokes) and numerous other health problems, which can lead to further morbidity and mortality. This paper will d iscuss theseRead MoreAnalysis of The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks2764 Words   |  12 PagesBackground of Story The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks is a true story of a poor, Southern African-American tobacco farmer who died in 1951 at the very young age of 31 years old from cervical cancer. Little did she know that cells harvested from her tumor, which were obtained without her consent have lived on and on and became one of the most important tools in medicine today. Despite Henrietta’s story being full of legal and ethical issues, the story was one filled with success and anguishRead MoreNegative Effects of Genetically Modified Food/Crops3102 Words   |  13 Pagesto the confirmed and potential harmful effects of this technology. GM foods are disputable for various reasons, one of them being the adverse effects of these foods to human health. There are concerns over deaths, near-deaths and diseases such as cancer and bacterial infections arising out of GM foods. Human beings need food for survival but it is incongruous to consume potentially harmful food for one’s existence just for survival. Studies indicate that there have been recorded deaths attributableRead MoreObesity : Declining Human Heath2562 Words   |  11 PagesPsychological disorders which obesity may trigger include depression, eating disorders, distorted body image, and low self-esteem. Public health approaches to develop population-based strategies for the prevention of excess weight gain is of great importance. However, not much has been done to counter obesity. Obesity is still on the rise. The goals of the food industry are to maximize profit. The solution is the imposition of taxation on food companies/major corporations and the introduction of householdRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 Pagesentertainment-based news) (hidden agenda of bloggers too?) †¢ Mainstream cover wide area of fields †¢ Citizen Journalism offers us multiple perspectives †¢ Structure of printed page classifies information for the reader according to subject matter and importance †¢ Massive amount of (mostly irrelevant) information online, newspaper supply balanced amount of information Mainstream + New: Take advantage of the Internet AND integration †¢ E.g. STOMP, newspaper readers invited to post news and picturesRead MoreGsk Annual Report 2010135604 Words   |  543 Pagesincreased value for shareholders of 2012, we expect phase III data on around 15 assets, including as well as deliver better outcomes to patients and consumers. potential new treatments for type 1 and 2 diabetes, several rare diseases and multiple cancer types. We have made fundamental changes to how we allocate our RD expenditure, directing it to our late stage pipeline; reducing cost and risk through externalising parts of early-stage discovery; dismantling infrastructure; and terminating development

An Examination Of Gender And Sexual Differences - 1191 Words

A theory is a supposition or a system of ideas intended to explain something, especially one based on general principles independent of the thing to be explained. (Webster Dictionary) Joyce Rosemary argues and sees it as an examination of gender (2013). This should explain only perceived differences between men and women but also the male dominance. Joyce Rosemary (2013) traces presence of the naturalization of biological differences to the initial arguments of feminists women subordinate the status was based on cultural reaction to universal female biology process such as menstruation pregnancy, and childbirth (Moore 1994) 10-11. My paper will focus on these theories and discuss the way in which theoretical treatment of sex, gender and†¦show more content†¦It s a very challenging to understand the roles on both genders. With the status and power of men and women that often emerges in the Romero Essay#1 control of women s sexuality and other aspect of their behavior. For example in our Rasmussen Susan’s reading, the Vanatinai society works as a team and are spiritual. Women do much of the harvesting of garden produce, often several times a week. One major restriction for women is that it is taboo for them to hunt with spears because women are seen as life givers and men are life takers. In Vanatinai when discussing gender there is no principle of male superiority or female weakness or inferiority, no idea that women are supposed to defer to men. Men and women are valued for the same qualities which includes being strong, wise and generous. Both men and women can achieve fame through active participation in the prestige and ritual economy of exchange and feasting but can also earn respect through nurturing families and gardens, practicing food magic or weather magic, or helping kin and neighbors through the spirit-directed practices of healing. Gender has become very popular in our society from the past to present. Women applying this feminist perspective to archaeological faces the difficult task of discerning the lives and actions of women throughout time and history who’s lifeways have been lost or overlooked by an arguably androcentric academic environment. Much of the

Accounting Information System for Pastry Chef- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Accounting Information System for Pastry Chef. Answer: A Baker is a specialized type of Pastry Chef. A baker is responsible to mix and bake and the ingredients as per the variety in the bread, baked goods and pastries. The baked goods are further seen to be sold by the wholesalers and grocers in the different types of institutional food services. The typical activities performed by the baker have been further seen in terms of checking the quality of the ingredients, preparation of the equipment for baking. It has been further involved to combine the measured ingredients and blenders. Some of the various types of the other process in the baking has been identified with kneading, rolling, cutting and shaping of the dough. A baker in general places the dough in the pan, sheets and mold. Then the baker set the oven temperature. The items are seen to be placed in the hot oven on the grills. The baker is further responsible to identify the colour and the various type of state of the product which are being baked. The final stage in the baking process comprises of application of glazes, icings, or other toppings by use of a brush or spatula. Most of the bakers are seen to operate in the grocery, bakeries and restaurants. Some of the bakers has been however seen to work in the manufacturing facilities and responsible for the distribution of the pastries an breads by the establishment of manufacturing outlet, retail outlet, mail order and wholesale outlet (Chou et al. 2017). The retail bakers are further seen to own different types of the bakery shops and involved in the business of making and selling of baked items. Moreover, in addition to the baked items, it has been further identified that the baking process is supplemented by setting of the appropriate process and setting of the appropriate price (Oumarou et al. 2016). B Bakery is recognised as a family owned business with more than 70 employees and the sales revenue pertaining to the company has been seen to increase in the recent times. The main specialization of the bakery has been mainly seen with afternoon tea and French Twist- L'Afternoon Tea. The company has been further seen to be based in London and Bath in U.K. The customers are offered range of choices to enjoy afternoon tea in either unique and hugely popular B Afternoon Tea Bus Tour or the Tea salons owned by the Bakery. The company ensures that the products are gluten free and suitable for all kinds to customers (Sokanu.com 2017). B Bakery has been further seen to be in the business for a period of more than 50 years and it has been recognised to supply confectionary products and bread loafs to varied number of businesses. Some of the most common form of the distribution has been seen to take place in supermarkets and pub chains. It has been further discerned that the firm has been experienced with mixed fortunes in several years and based on the performance of the business experienced in the last few years. The growth in the business has been further discerned to be in terms of various types of healthy range of products. It has been further observed that in the recent times the key accounts have been unable to produce the important range of the competitive price. Despite of the firm hiring an accountant who was responsible for maintaining the accountants appropriately, the firm has been identified to need much more financial information to run the business efficiently. It has been further discerned that there is need to make the relevant investment in the accounting software to take up their business in the next level (Zaidani et al. 2017). The baking of bread generally involves six stages. The first stage has been identified with the mixing of ingredients, followed by rising (fermentation). The third basic step of the baking process has been further seen to be identified with kneading. The fourth step of baking is seen in form of second rising followed by baking and cooling (Bakeinfo.co.nz. 2017). The indispensible process in baking has been identified with events which need to be taken care of for the meeting the minimum guidelines to the recipe. Some of the main types of the baking process involve melting of the fat. The second stage has been identified with the expansion of the gases. This process of the baking ensures that the microorganisms are dead. The next stage in the baking process is identified with dissolving the sugar followed by adding of egg, milk, protein coagulate and gluten proteins. The next step in the baking process has seen in terms of the solidification of the starches gelatinizing process. The n ext important process in the baking has been further seen to be based on evaporating the liquids (Dreyer 2016). The next important process in the baking is identified with Caramelization and Maillard browning in the crust. The next process in the baking has been further identified with inactivation of the enzymes. The enzymes are further seen to be inactivated. The important process in the baking has been further seen with the natural changes in the nutrients (Kiszonas et al. 2015). The final stage in the baking process has been further seen to be identified with breaking of pectin. Some of the various types of the other indispensible process have been identified in terms of Bulk Fermentation, stretching and folding of the dough, dividing and pre-shaping the dough. This has been also seen to give the chance for final stretching and shaping the dough. Autolysing is also seen to be an important process in baking. At this stage the flour and water is seen to be mixed together with fasc inating chemical reactions (Kokolj, kerget and Ravnik 2017). References Bakeinfo.co.nz. (2017).Science of bread making- BakeInfo (Baking Industry Research Trust). [online] Available at: https://www.bakeinfo.co.nz/Facts/Bread-making/Science-of-bread-making [Accessed 3 Sep. 2017]. Chou, C.C., Ko, C.C., Lin, K.C. and Jeng, S.M., Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd., 2017.Automatically adjusting baking process for low-k dielectric material. U.S. Patent 9,589,856. Dreyer, C., 2016. Anode reactivity influence of the baking process. InEssential Readings in Light Metals(pp. 478-485). Springer International Publishing. Kiszonas, A.M., Fuerst, E.P., Luthria, D. and Morris, C.F., 2015. Arabinoxylan content and characterisation throughout the bread?baking process.International Journal of Food Science Technology,50(8), pp.1911-1921. Kokolj, U., kerget, L. and Ravnik, J., 2017. A numerical model of the shortbread baking process in a forced convection oven. Applied Thermal Engineering, 111, pp.1304-1311. Oumarou, N., Kocaefe, D., Kocaefe, Y. and Morais, B., 2016. Transient process model of open anode baking furnace.Applied Thermal Engineering,107, pp.1253-1260. Sokanu.com. (2017).Baker. [online] Available at: https://www.sokanu.com/careers/baker/ [Accessed 3 Sep. 2017]. Zaidani, M., Al-Rub, R.A., Tajik, A.R. and Shamim, T., 2017, March. Investigation of the Flue-wall Aging Effects on the Anode Baking Furnace Performance. InICTEA: International Conference on Thermal Engineering(Vol. 2017).

Welfare Reformation Essays - Public Economics, Welfare Reform

Welfare Reformation {TITLE} ?This week we offered a plan to end welfare as we know it?a plan that will encourage personality and help strengthen our families through tougher child support, more education and training, and an absolute requirement to go to work after a period of time.? -Bill Clinton, radio address, 6/18/94 The welfare system is in deep distress. From the time of Franklin Delano Roosevelt to the current reigning of Bill Clinton, many a bills have been brought for to reform it. Originally, Roosevelt established the system as a type of government stripend to financially challenged individuals; however, it was not intended to act as a dependent income for them (Tucker 45). Even though many changes have been made over the past three years, it has not made much of an impact on the problems at hand (Pear). Officials discovered that many welfare recipients misuse the benefits. Studies have shown that the welfare system should begin by providing job placement, ending benefits for illegitimacy, and educating the young. First, the aspect of job placement is directly related to the misuse of welfare. In order to succeed at rising employment rates, current wages have to increase dramatically. A welfare check ranges form $5.53 to $17.50 an hour; in a like manner, minimum wage is less than an hourly welfare check (Tilly 8). People desire the higher money of a welfare check to that of a low-paying job (Tweedie 117; Tanner 18). This dependency on receiving the check causes many problems not just with the current generation, but future generations will also be similarly affected. These children are acquiring the habits of their parent or parents, thus creating a permanent underclass (Tucker 45). Economic incentives for staying on welfare should be abolished. People should no longer be allowed to remain on the system for extended periods of time. In accordance with the lesser incentives, the government should place more emphasis on raising the current hourly wage (Haskins 126). Most importantly, the government needs to portray a working world in which job training is not only the standard, but also the required (Tanner 17). Providing jobs with training not only educates the person, but also supplies him or her with opportunities to acquire a better paying job with a future (Willis 4). This training would not just teach skills, but it would make job development workers move more people into the mainstream (Garr 193). In Wisconsin, Republican legislators have devised a method of reform called W-2 Wisconsin Works. W-2 is a work program that would require all recipients over eighteen to work for cash assistance (Tweedie 117). Many welfare recipients are often stereotyped as lazy; moreover, these recipients need to take charge of their lives (Leavitt 22). They need to realize that they are capable of doing competent work. They have to compete to prosper. Second, illegitimacy needs to be curbed by stopping aid to promiscuous mothers who continue to have out-of-wedlock pregnancies. The establishment of anti-illegitimacy policies is imperative. These policies should propose to stop payment to unwed others (Haskins 126). The government should not reward for illegitimacy. According to Ron Haskins, Trying to help poor children by giving their underage mothers cash will often simply produce more poor children, reformers argued. Wise societies don't reward births outside of marriage in this way (Haskins 126). If a young woman becomes pregnant again, she does not have to make a choice between living at home with her parents or finding a husband. She simply can continue to produce more illegitimate children. This reoccurrence of illegitimacy is exactly one of the reasons that a stopping of incentives is needed (Tucker 45). In a like manner, the most effective way to reduce births is with a family cap. The family cap is a provision that denies greater cash to women who continue to have births while receiving welfare (Donovan 73). It is designed to discourage out-of-wedlock births (Sollom 41). The government needs to include a child exclusion provision like both China and Japan currently have (Donovan 73). Disincentives are required to act as the primary strategy for regulating poor women's reproductive behaviors (Sollom 41). This unorthodox behavior causes much strain on the welfare system, since the state rewards extra money for additional children. Third, the