The Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Essay -- psychology, drug

Addiction is the chronic and inappropriate use of a substance or activity that interferes with one’s daily life. Research has shown that addictive substances become engrained in the individual’s coping mechanism. Cognitive behavioral therapy is an effective form of addiction’s treatment because it is an integrative approach that consists of multiple stages, views the individual as a whole, more effective than pharmacotherapy, and creates a healthy relationship with the therapist. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a form of psychotherapy that teaches the individual new behavior patterns to break their old ineffective habits. Scientific research on addiction shows that those who suffer from substance dependency do not have the same capabilities as non-substance users. This can include the ability to think of the consequences of their actions, plan ahead and decision-making skill. (Simpson et al., 2011, p. 2). In CBT, a therapist must ensure that the client deve lops these skills and creates a functional concept of self through goals. The type of goals is typically depended on the therapist’s opinion. It is vital for the therapist to have self-awareness to a client’s substance dependency because their response to the substance or client will effect the treatment. The therapist should have supervision to ensure that the cognitive-behavior therapy is helping the client and it is not harming the therapist’s mental state. Psychotherapy is individualized for both therapists and clients, yet there are some clear stages and ideas in CBT. Cognitive behavioral therapy is based on the cycle of the ABC model, which consists of antecedents, behavior and consequences (Ryan, 2013, p.33). The antecedent is the event that takes place to cause ... ...iates Publishers. Hides, L., Samet, S., & Lubman, D. I. (2010). Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for the treatment of co-occurring depression and substance use: Current evidence and directions for future research. Drug & Alcohol Review, 29(5), 508-517. Ryan, F. (2013). Cognitive therapy for addiction: Motivation and change. Wiley-Blackwell. Simpson, D., Joe, G. W., Dansereau, D. F., & Flynn, P. M. (2011). Addiction treatment outcomes, process and change: Texas Institute of Behavioral Research at Texas Christian University. Addiction, 106(10), 1733-1740. Principles of Drug Addiction Treatment: A Research-Based Guide (Third Edition) (December 2012). Retrieved November 8, 2013, from http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/principles-drug-addiction-treatment-research-based-guide-third-edition/evidence-based-approaches-to-drug-addiction-treatment/behavioral.

Gender, Culture, and Globalization Essay

In the Western world, the cause of feminism enabled women to obtain higher education and participate in the economic sector as the equals of men. However, one question that continues to be of interest to modern scholars is: how far have women truly come globally? Not only in Western democracies, but in developing nations located in the Middle East, Southeast Asia, and Latin America. For example, in the Philippines, many women support their families by working abroad as domestics and health care providers, which allegedly fracture family dynamics of many Filipino homes. While migrant fathers supporting families is seen as par for the course, migrant mothers are blamed for the destruction of Filipino society in the media. â€Å"These reports tend to vilify migrant mothers, suggesting that their children face more profound problems than do those of migrant fathers† (Ehrenreich & Hochschild, 40). In the Middle East and North Africa, the economic opportunities of women are even more restricted. Many of the popular interpretations of Islam prohibit women from working altogether, but in Egypt, women are allowed to seek employment. However, it is usually restricted to the largely unskilled service sector considered to be below the dignity of men. â€Å"This is reflected in the very low rates of wage employment in the private sector, continued high unemployment rates for educated females, and a large gender wage gap in the private sector† (Doumato & Posusney, 121). In the United States, racism is still a potent force preventing the economic advancement of minority women, especially with the dismantling of affirmative action in many states. Still, those making the hiring decisions tend to be overwhelmingly white, and even though many claim to not carry racist/sexist sentiments, research has shown that they have made decisions deleterious to minority women because of stereotypes (Mutari & Figart, 183). Works Cited Doumato, Eleanor Abdella and Marsha Pripstein Posusney. Women and Globalization in the Arab Middle East: Gender, Economy and Society. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2003 Ehrenreich, Barbara and Arlie Russell Hochschild. Global Woman: Nannies, Maids, and Sex Workers in the New Economy. New York: Metropolitan Books, 2003 Mutari, Ellen and Deborah M. Figart. Woman and the Economy: A Reader. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, Inc. , 2003

Energy Efficiency Example For Free - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1481 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Engineering Essay Type Report Did you like this example? Energy Labelling of Buildings and The Implementation of The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD). 1.0: Introduction Energy Efficiency has become a critical element in the growth of the developed economies in the west. This is mainly because of the fact that the energy consumed by the developed countries is comparatively higher to those of their developing counterparts that are equally industrialised. Since the efficiency of the energy consumption is the critical element that attributes to the performance, the need for energy efficiency of civil structures especially buildings (public and industrial) is imperative. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Energy Efficiency Example For Free" essay for you Create order Mei ren et al (2003) argues that the energy performance has become a performance measure for the extent to which the developed nations are utilizing the energy efficiently. This makes it clear that a critical analysis on the energy performance of the civil structures (i.e.) buildings is essential in order to justify the validity of the energy performance bill that is expected be passed as legislation in2006. The research conducted through this dissertation is aimed to accomplish whether or not the energy labelling of buildings is viable and the extent to which it can support the implementation of the Energy performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD). The energy consumption in the UK is not only identified as the primary element for the implementation of the Energy performance of Buildings Directive but also to address the requirements of the KYOTO protocol. The treaty signed by the member nations of the United Nations has increased the need for the energy efficiency as well a s reduce the emission of CHG or greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Since the treaty measures the reduction in emission as a percentage reduction to the original set emission level, it is necessary to implement a legislative act that can provide energy efficiency as well as meet the demands of the KYOTO protocol. In this report a comprehensive analysis on the energy efficiency in buildings both domestic and non-domestics presented to the reader and the implications of enforcing the Energy performance of Buildings Directive in 2006. The dissertation also aims to provide a comprehensive analysis on the potential in achieving the energy efficiency within the buildings of the European Union member states and identify the course of addressing the KYOTO protocol. 2.0: Aim and Objectives 2.1: Aim The aim of this report is to critically analyse whether the Energy Labelling of buildings in the UK is a viable option for measuring their energy performance in order to implement Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD). 2.2: Objectives The aim of this report is accomplished through embracing the research upon the following objectives To conduct a literature review on the need for energy efficiency and role of developed nations in the implementation of Energy Performance of Buildings Directive. To analyse the stand of European Union on the implementation of the EPBD. To conduct secondary research through case study analysis on the energy efficiency of domestic and on-domestic buildings in the UK. To critically analyse the suitability of the Energy performance of Buildings Directive implementation based upon the results derived from the case study analysis. To comment upon the Energy performance of Buildings Directive actualisation as a l egislative act based upon the results and discussions conducted in the research. 3:0 Justifications for the choice of research Energy efficiency is increasingly demanded in order to meet the rising demand for energy resources. The fact that the energy resources are depleting rapidly makes it critical for the member states of the European Union to efficiently utilise the energy in order to gain sustainable growth in the economy. It was identified that one of the major consumers of energy in the European Union member states are the buildings. This is mainly because of the increase in the globalization and the population explosion due to the immigration of foreign nationals to European countries. This has increased the number of buildings drastically in the European Union member states thus increasing the energy consumption as well. Hence it is essential to sketch out a method of accomplishing energy efficiency so as to reduce the energy consumption as well as the emission of CHG into the atmosphere causing greenhouse effect. This initiative of the European Union is the major reason for focusing on en ergy performance measurement in buildings rather than other sectors like the industries or the transportation. The fact that the reduction of the pollutants emitted into the atmosphere by the buildings when controlled can meet the target for the KYOTO protocol as well as accomplish energy savings is another justification for the choice of the research topic. Apart from the aforementioned, another interesting feature demonstrated by the buildings that the energy consumption is predominantly due to the improper temperature management has further created the room for investigation into the flaws of the construction design (or plan) which can be fixed to accomplish energy efficiency. The fact that the energy savings and the energy efficiency in the domestic and non-domestic buildings will reduce the energy prices thus benefiting the consumers in the general public is one of the major elements for the choice of the research topic. 4: Research methodology The research method adopted in this project is secondary research methodology where the research is based upon the information gathered from white papers and journals. The research is accomplished through the use market reports and journals on the construction industry and energy performance journals. Some of the popular resources of information for the research are listed below: Chartered institute of building services Engineers Key Note Ltd Data monitor Inc Journal of facilities management Facilities journal Building Services Engineering Research Technology Journals and white papers from various other resources are also utilised in the research process to accomplish qualitative research in the form of case study analysis. The research comprises of two separate case study one focusing on each domestic buildings and non-domestic buildings. The case studies are presented separately in order to establish the subtle differences between the two categories o f the buildings in the European Union that fall under the jurisdiction of Energy performance of Buildings Directive. 5: Justification for secondary research Primary research in this topic involves fieldwork for a long period of time up to several months. This requires investment of both time and money for securing the accurate measurements of the emission, level of energy consumption and the air temperature management level. Since the project is conducted on an academic basis the research is performed using the secondary research information rather than conducting primary research. Furthermore, the fact that the energy performance measurement for the emission and civil measurements of the buildings involve legal requirements to be satisfied prior to presenting in the report, the research is confined to the secondary information which can be referenced whilst conducting the research. 6: Scope of the research The scope of this research is confined with the energy performance of the buildings in the Europe. The literature review presents the overview on the buildings across Europe whilst the research in the case study is confined only the UK buildings. This is mainly because of the lack of resources on buildings in other nations and the lack of time to analyse any information if gathered. 7: Summary Energy labelling of the buildings was considered as a critical factor in the energy performance of the buildings and the overall nation among the developed countries since the late years of the twentieth century. The fact that the energy efficiency programs can reduce the energy consumption in the developed nations that are consuming more energy as stated before has made it imperative to accomplish the energy labelling procedure. G. J. Levermore (2002)has stated that the energy labelling of the buildings in developed nations will not only help reduce the energy consumption but also pave the path for achieving an energy efficient economy. It is also interesting to note that the promotion of the energy labelling policies not only involves one country but also requires critical information on the energy consumption and the labelling methods adhered by other developed nations. In order to maintain a standard in the European Union the EPBD bill is put forth that lays a common s tandard to be adopted throughout the European Union. The research in this report focuses upon the benefits of accomplishing the energy efficiency in order to meet the targets for the KYOTO protocol and the Energy performance of Buildings Directive. The report provides a comprehensive analysis on the energy efficiency of the domestic and non-domestic buildings thus accomplishing a totality in the research. Furthermore, in this report a critical overview of the standards proposed and their implementation in the existing buildings is analysed qualitatively and constructive recommendations are provided to assist the decision makers. The discussion on the Energy performance of Buildings Directive and the recommendations are aimed to provide key issues identified in the research to the decision makers in order to effectively implement the Energy performance of Buildings Directive.

The Importance Of The Patenting Of Breast Cancer - 986 Words

In India, breast cancer kills a woman every 7 minutes due to an international inadequacy in breast cancer diagnoses (Saxena, 2017). Could these tragic deaths be prevented by more accessible means of public health care? The patenting of breast cancer genes and biomarkers by private corporations causes exclusivity and secrecy surrounding cancer research, denying the public of their right to proper health care. An increased number of patents are being approved by the US Patent and Trademark Office regarding procedures used to identify genes that cause diseases. These patents permit one company alone the right to observe some specific loci of the human genome established on the discovery of genetic mutations that are associated with the†¦show more content†¦Thus, rendering ongoing research completed outside of the intentions and profit-based primary desired outcomes nonexistent. This stunts potential progress regarding specific biomarkers that could be targeted for pharmaceutical treatments. These uncharted biomarkers have the potential to bridge the therapeutic gap between company investments and incoming profit from diagnoses but, if not seen as immediately profitable, companies may intentionally overlook these potential groundbreaking discoveries with profit rather than public health as a priority (Husi, Fearon Ross, 2011). When someone wants to patent a product, the applicatio n and examination process takes an average of three years to complete. This creates an interruption in research and discoveries for that certain product, which could potentially be a cure or preventative method for certain illnesses (Lanning, 2013). If a company wants to take one of their drugs to the marketplace it takes ten years for it to go through the regulatory process and be qualified for development. However, only one in ten drugs actually makes it to the market (Toumi, 2003). This means that it would take thirteen years for a company’s product to go through these processes, causing a halt in production of potential lifesaving products. During the thirteen years, if there is noShow MoreRelatedReasons For Patenting Genetically Modified Organisms1228 Words   |  5 Pages Reasons for and Against Patenting Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms Hubert Were University of the People Abstract There are many agricultural products that are genetically modified using biotechnology. This paper explains various reasons for and against patenting these products. The major reason for patenting the products is to acknowledge the researcher’s efforts and encourage investment. 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An Examination Of Gender And Sexual Differences - 1191 Words

A theory is a supposition or a system of ideas intended to explain something, especially one based on general principles independent of the thing to be explained. (Webster Dictionary) Joyce Rosemary argues and sees it as an examination of gender (2013). This should explain only perceived differences between men and women but also the male dominance. Joyce Rosemary (2013) traces presence of the naturalization of biological differences to the initial arguments of feminists women subordinate the status was based on cultural reaction to universal female biology process such as menstruation pregnancy, and childbirth (Moore 1994) 10-11. My paper will focus on these theories and discuss the way in which theoretical treatment of sex, gender and†¦show more content†¦It s a very challenging to understand the roles on both genders. With the status and power of men and women that often emerges in the Romero Essay#1 control of women s sexuality and other aspect of their behavior. For example in our Rasmussen Susan’s reading, the Vanatinai society works as a team and are spiritual. Women do much of the harvesting of garden produce, often several times a week. One major restriction for women is that it is taboo for them to hunt with spears because women are seen as life givers and men are life takers. In Vanatinai when discussing gender there is no principle of male superiority or female weakness or inferiority, no idea that women are supposed to defer to men. Men and women are valued for the same qualities which includes being strong, wise and generous. Both men and women can achieve fame through active participation in the prestige and ritual economy of exchange and feasting but can also earn respect through nurturing families and gardens, practicing food magic or weather magic, or helping kin and neighbors through the spirit-directed practices of healing. Gender has become very popular in our society from the past to present. Women applying this feminist perspective to archaeological faces the difficult task of discerning the lives and actions of women throughout time and history who’s lifeways have been lost or overlooked by an arguably androcentric academic environment. Much of the

Accounting Information System for Pastry Chef- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Accounting Information System for Pastry Chef. Answer: A Baker is a specialized type of Pastry Chef. A baker is responsible to mix and bake and the ingredients as per the variety in the bread, baked goods and pastries. The baked goods are further seen to be sold by the wholesalers and grocers in the different types of institutional food services. The typical activities performed by the baker have been further seen in terms of checking the quality of the ingredients, preparation of the equipment for baking. It has been further involved to combine the measured ingredients and blenders. Some of the various types of the other process in the baking has been identified with kneading, rolling, cutting and shaping of the dough. A baker in general places the dough in the pan, sheets and mold. Then the baker set the oven temperature. The items are seen to be placed in the hot oven on the grills. The baker is further responsible to identify the colour and the various type of state of the product which are being baked. The final stage in the baking process comprises of application of glazes, icings, or other toppings by use of a brush or spatula. Most of the bakers are seen to operate in the grocery, bakeries and restaurants. Some of the bakers has been however seen to work in the manufacturing facilities and responsible for the distribution of the pastries an breads by the establishment of manufacturing outlet, retail outlet, mail order and wholesale outlet (Chou et al. 2017). The retail bakers are further seen to own different types of the bakery shops and involved in the business of making and selling of baked items. Moreover, in addition to the baked items, it has been further identified that the baking process is supplemented by setting of the appropriate process and setting of the appropriate price (Oumarou et al. 2016). B Bakery is recognised as a family owned business with more than 70 employees and the sales revenue pertaining to the company has been seen to increase in the recent times. The main specialization of the bakery has been mainly seen with afternoon tea and French Twist- L'Afternoon Tea. The company has been further seen to be based in London and Bath in U.K. The customers are offered range of choices to enjoy afternoon tea in either unique and hugely popular B Afternoon Tea Bus Tour or the Tea salons owned by the Bakery. The company ensures that the products are gluten free and suitable for all kinds to customers (Sokanu.com 2017). B Bakery has been further seen to be in the business for a period of more than 50 years and it has been recognised to supply confectionary products and bread loafs to varied number of businesses. Some of the most common form of the distribution has been seen to take place in supermarkets and pub chains. It has been further discerned that the firm has been experienced with mixed fortunes in several years and based on the performance of the business experienced in the last few years. The growth in the business has been further discerned to be in terms of various types of healthy range of products. It has been further observed that in the recent times the key accounts have been unable to produce the important range of the competitive price. Despite of the firm hiring an accountant who was responsible for maintaining the accountants appropriately, the firm has been identified to need much more financial information to run the business efficiently. It has been further discerned that there is need to make the relevant investment in the accounting software to take up their business in the next level (Zaidani et al. 2017). The baking of bread generally involves six stages. The first stage has been identified with the mixing of ingredients, followed by rising (fermentation). The third basic step of the baking process has been further seen to be identified with kneading. The fourth step of baking is seen in form of second rising followed by baking and cooling (Bakeinfo.co.nz. 2017). The indispensible process in baking has been identified with events which need to be taken care of for the meeting the minimum guidelines to the recipe. Some of the main types of the baking process involve melting of the fat. The second stage has been identified with the expansion of the gases. This process of the baking ensures that the microorganisms are dead. The next stage in the baking process is identified with dissolving the sugar followed by adding of egg, milk, protein coagulate and gluten proteins. The next step in the baking process has seen in terms of the solidification of the starches gelatinizing process. The n ext important process in the baking has been further seen to be based on evaporating the liquids (Dreyer 2016). The next important process in the baking is identified with Caramelization and Maillard browning in the crust. The next process in the baking has been further identified with inactivation of the enzymes. The enzymes are further seen to be inactivated. The important process in the baking has been further seen with the natural changes in the nutrients (Kiszonas et al. 2015). The final stage in the baking process has been further seen to be identified with breaking of pectin. Some of the various types of the other indispensible process have been identified in terms of Bulk Fermentation, stretching and folding of the dough, dividing and pre-shaping the dough. This has been also seen to give the chance for final stretching and shaping the dough. Autolysing is also seen to be an important process in baking. At this stage the flour and water is seen to be mixed together with fasc inating chemical reactions (Kokolj, kerget and Ravnik 2017). References Bakeinfo.co.nz. (2017).Science of bread making- BakeInfo (Baking Industry Research Trust). [online] Available at: https://www.bakeinfo.co.nz/Facts/Bread-making/Science-of-bread-making [Accessed 3 Sep. 2017]. Chou, C.C., Ko, C.C., Lin, K.C. and Jeng, S.M., Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd., 2017.Automatically adjusting baking process for low-k dielectric material. U.S. Patent 9,589,856. Dreyer, C., 2016. Anode reactivity influence of the baking process. InEssential Readings in Light Metals(pp. 478-485). Springer International Publishing. Kiszonas, A.M., Fuerst, E.P., Luthria, D. and Morris, C.F., 2015. Arabinoxylan content and characterisation throughout the bread?baking process.International Journal of Food Science Technology,50(8), pp.1911-1921. Kokolj, U., kerget, L. and Ravnik, J., 2017. A numerical model of the shortbread baking process in a forced convection oven. Applied Thermal Engineering, 111, pp.1304-1311. Oumarou, N., Kocaefe, D., Kocaefe, Y. and Morais, B., 2016. Transient process model of open anode baking furnace.Applied Thermal Engineering,107, pp.1253-1260. Sokanu.com. (2017).Baker. [online] Available at: https://www.sokanu.com/careers/baker/ [Accessed 3 Sep. 2017]. Zaidani, M., Al-Rub, R.A., Tajik, A.R. and Shamim, T., 2017, March. Investigation of the Flue-wall Aging Effects on the Anode Baking Furnace Performance. InICTEA: International Conference on Thermal Engineering(Vol. 2017).

Welfare Reformation Essays - Public Economics, Welfare Reform

Welfare Reformation {TITLE} ?This week we offered a plan to end welfare as we know it?a plan that will encourage personality and help strengthen our families through tougher child support, more education and training, and an absolute requirement to go to work after a period of time.? -Bill Clinton, radio address, 6/18/94 The welfare system is in deep distress. From the time of Franklin Delano Roosevelt to the current reigning of Bill Clinton, many a bills have been brought for to reform it. Originally, Roosevelt established the system as a type of government stripend to financially challenged individuals; however, it was not intended to act as a dependent income for them (Tucker 45). Even though many changes have been made over the past three years, it has not made much of an impact on the problems at hand (Pear). Officials discovered that many welfare recipients misuse the benefits. Studies have shown that the welfare system should begin by providing job placement, ending benefits for illegitimacy, and educating the young. First, the aspect of job placement is directly related to the misuse of welfare. In order to succeed at rising employment rates, current wages have to increase dramatically. A welfare check ranges form $5.53 to $17.50 an hour; in a like manner, minimum wage is less than an hourly welfare check (Tilly 8). People desire the higher money of a welfare check to that of a low-paying job (Tweedie 117; Tanner 18). This dependency on receiving the check causes many problems not just with the current generation, but future generations will also be similarly affected. These children are acquiring the habits of their parent or parents, thus creating a permanent underclass (Tucker 45). Economic incentives for staying on welfare should be abolished. People should no longer be allowed to remain on the system for extended periods of time. In accordance with the lesser incentives, the government should place more emphasis on raising the current hourly wage (Haskins 126). Most importantly, the government needs to portray a working world in which job training is not only the standard, but also the required (Tanner 17). Providing jobs with training not only educates the person, but also supplies him or her with opportunities to acquire a better paying job with a future (Willis 4). This training would not just teach skills, but it would make job development workers move more people into the mainstream (Garr 193). In Wisconsin, Republican legislators have devised a method of reform called W-2 Wisconsin Works. W-2 is a work program that would require all recipients over eighteen to work for cash assistance (Tweedie 117). Many welfare recipients are often stereotyped as lazy; moreover, these recipients need to take charge of their lives (Leavitt 22). They need to realize that they are capable of doing competent work. They have to compete to prosper. Second, illegitimacy needs to be curbed by stopping aid to promiscuous mothers who continue to have out-of-wedlock pregnancies. The establishment of anti-illegitimacy policies is imperative. These policies should propose to stop payment to unwed others (Haskins 126). The government should not reward for illegitimacy. According to Ron Haskins, Trying to help poor children by giving their underage mothers cash will often simply produce more poor children, reformers argued. Wise societies don't reward births outside of marriage in this way (Haskins 126). If a young woman becomes pregnant again, she does not have to make a choice between living at home with her parents or finding a husband. She simply can continue to produce more illegitimate children. This reoccurrence of illegitimacy is exactly one of the reasons that a stopping of incentives is needed (Tucker 45). In a like manner, the most effective way to reduce births is with a family cap. The family cap is a provision that denies greater cash to women who continue to have births while receiving welfare (Donovan 73). It is designed to discourage out-of-wedlock births (Sollom 41). The government needs to include a child exclusion provision like both China and Japan currently have (Donovan 73). Disincentives are required to act as the primary strategy for regulating poor women's reproductive behaviors (Sollom 41). This unorthodox behavior causes much strain on the welfare system, since the state rewards extra money for additional children. Third, the